Electrical Engineering

ABSTRACT: Electrical energy consumption is increasing day by day but unfortunately lots of energy wasted when loads are remains in standby mode. Conventional sockets not have capability of automatic control. So here to overcome the problems of conventional socket we have developed a smart automated socket. Here we have implemented six innovative concepts in our project. 1. Manual and Automatic switch 2. Timer 3. Data Analysis 4. Wi-fi technology 5. Artificial Intelligence. 6. Mobile Application Automation is today’s fact, where things are being controlled automatically, usually the basic tasks of turning ON/OFF certain devices and beyond, either remotely or in close proximity Automation system uses Arduino device which is an open-source prototyping platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software Basically, a smart socket or a smart plug (outlet, strip) is aimed to measure electrical power consumption, to give access to power readings and to allow control (switch on/off) of loads in a remote (wireless) manner. Services supported by systems include energy management, load control, consumption profile monitoring, home automation, appliances faults diagnostics, etc. Basically this project focuses on the motive of energy efficiency and digital India. Here we have designed a low cost and flexible home control and environmental monitoring system. It employs an embedded micro – web server in Arduino Mega2560 microcontroller. We controls two switches here for demo purpose one is Mobile Charger and another one is for Laptop Charger. Electrical energy consumption is increasing day by day but unfortunately lots of energy wasted when loads are remains in standby mode. Conventional sockets not have capability of automatic control. So here to overcome the problems of conventional socket we have developed a smart automated socket. Here we have implemented six innovative concepts in our project. 1. Manual and Automatic switch 2. Timer 3. Data Analysis 4. Wi-fi technology 5. Artificial Intelligence. 6. Mobile Application Automation is today’s fact, where things are being controlled automatically, usually the basic tasks of turning ON/OFF certain devices and beyond, either remotely or in close proximity Automation system uses Arduino device which is an open-source prototyping platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software Basically, a smart socket or a smart plug (outlet, strip) is aimed to measure electrical power consumption, to give access to power readings and to allow control (switch on/off) of loads in a remote (wireless) manner. Services supported by systems include energy management, load control, consumption profile monitoring, home automation, appliances faults diagnostics, etc. Basically this project focuses on the motive of energy efficiency and digital India. Here we have designed a low cost and flexible home control and environmental monitoring system. It employs an embedded micro – web server in Arduino Mega2560 microcontroller. We controls two switches here for demo purpose one is Mobile Charger and another one is for Laptop Charger.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

ABSTRACT: The demand of electric power for house hold purpose, commercial purpose and industrial purpose increases day by day. The existing method of management of electrical power system is complex as they are generally interconnected with many operating machine units working together. If any of the machine in this interconnected system faces failure entire power system is affected hence careful monitoring and protection of these machines are necessary. Among the interconnected machine transformer which is a static machine which plays key role of stepping up or stepping down voltage levels in power systems based on electromagnetic induction principle. In the existing system monitoring of transformer is done using wired network accompanied with temporary test unit and involving man into action , here continuous monitoring is not possible all the time which may lead to malfunction or failure of power transformer. Transformers are the most important part of transmission and distribution system. Transformer suffers from various abnormalities which causes sudden shut down of transformer. Due to frequent power cut because of transformer fault residential areas suffer from serious problems. Our proposed system provides effective monitoring and protection of power transformer by measuring oil level, oil quality, temperature, tank leakage and operating voltage without involving human intervention. (INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE BASED PAPER AVAILABLE)

ABSTRACT: Today is the world of automation. When we are talking about automation, we must think about microcontroller. Microcontroller finds its application in each and every automation control like Remote controllers, Hand-held communication devices, automatic and semi-automatic washing machines, security system, telephone printing machines, automobiles, indicating and measuring instruments. The project described here being also a microcontroller based project, used for automatic phase detector. The use of microcontroller in this project is to store the data, process data and change data according to the user requirement. This is possible because microcontroller has CPU, memory, I/O ports, timers/counters, ADC/DAC, serial ports, interrupt logic, oscillator circuitry, and many more functional blocks on single chip. Hence it reduces the cost of hardware. Also there is no need to connect external RAM for memory storage. This is the most important feature of microcontroller. There are various types of microcontrollers available in market. The examples are Intel MCS-51, PIC family by microchip, ATMEL 89CXX, 89CXX51. The microcontroller used for this project is ATMEL-89C52. Now days, many times out of three phase one of the phase cutout and the circuit breaker trips at that time the MSEB operator has to operate it manually by turning on the contacts of circuit breaker contact and if a MSEB operator sleeps at the time of duty at that time the hooter shouts and gives us alert.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE BASED PAPER AVAILABLE)

ABSTRACT: Now days, there is a lot of requirement to control the appliances in an industry or in a home connected to the power grid when we are working with our PC. In these situations we need to go to the place where the power grid has been situated which is a time consuming process. The main aim of the present project is to provide a facility by which we can control all the appliances connected to the power grid like bulbs, fans, TV, fridge, and air cooler etc. from your PC or from your laptop at a distance of 10meters around the control board. The only thing is we need to connect a RF remote transmitter to your PC and a control board to the power control section of home. (INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE BASED PAPER AVAILBLE)

ABSTRACT:  Security is the prime concern in our day to day life. Everyone needs to be securing as much as possible. The electric line man safety system is designed to control a circuit breaker by using a password for the safety of electric man. Critical electrical accidents to line men are on the rise during electric line repair due to lack of communication and co-ordination between the maintenance staff and electric substation staff. This proposed system provides a solution that ensures safety of maintenance staff, i.e., line man. The control to turn on or off the line will be maintained by the line man only because this system has an arrangement such that a password is required to operate the circuit breaker (on/off). The system is fully controlled by a microcontroller from AVR family. A matrix keypad is interfaced to the microcontroller to enter the password. The entered password is compared with the password generated. If the password entered is correct, only then the line can be turned ON/OFF. The basic idea behind this project is shown in the following figure.1. To repair a particular section of the electric supply line, the lineman wants to turn off the supply to that line. For this he first put a request to the system. Then the system responds to him using the LCD display to enter the password. Then the system generates a password and it will be send to the phone (the no of which is stored in the program).The password based circuit breaker can also be implemented in automatic door locking system for providing high security. And also can be implemented to control electronic appliances to save the power.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE BASED PAPER AVAILABLE)

ABSTRACT - The proposed work in this paper aims on the design and implementation model of electrical energy theft detection aspect in Sri Lanka. A high percentage of electricity income is lost due to powertheft and improper management. However a bulk of these losses are caused by electricity theft. The illegal usage of electricity must be solved by electronic means, without any human interaction.Thepurpose of this work is to provide an implementation methodology for electricity theft detection and controlling which allows violators to be detected at a remote location.This design integrates effective solutions for problems faced by Sri Lankan’s electricity distribution system such as power theft and transmission line fault. It includes microcontroller based embedded technology and wireless communication method to find out the electric theft and transmission line fault.Moreover collecting the meter readings for billing processes from all consumers is a difficult and time consuming task which requires a great number of labours.In the proposed method aGlobal System for Mobile communication (GSM)based technology is used to transmit the meter reading and detection alertautomatically to the authorized energy provider via an alert message which eliminates the various issues related to the meter reading and theft detection.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE BASED PAPER AVAILABLE)

ABSTRACT-  This project is used for the purpose of power saving for industrial and commercial establishment. Power factor is defined as the ratio of real power to apparent power. Where real power is the time integral of the instantaneous power measured over a full period and the apparent power is simply the product of the RMS voltage and RMS current measured over the entire period. The time lag between the zero voltage pulse and zero current pulse duly generated by suitable operational amplifier circuits are fed to two interrupt pins of the microcontroller where the program takes over to actuate appropriate number of relays at its output for bringing shunt capacitors into the load circuit to get the power factor till it reaches 0.95. (INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE )

ABSTRACT- This project is designed to automatically supply continuous power to a load through one of the four sources of supply that are: solar, mains, thermal, and wind when any one of them is unavailable. The four switches represent the four causes. The switches are connected to an 8051 microcontroller of which they provide input signals. Whenever a switch is pressed, it shows the absence of that particular reference. A relay driver is used that receives microcontroller generated output and switches that specific relay to provide continuous power supply. A lamp or bulb was used as a load for demonstration purpose which draws power from main. When the primary fails to supply power, automatically next available source was used like thermal. If thermal fails then the next one is used and so on. An LCD is used to show which power supply is on.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE BASED PAPER AVAILABLE)

In electrical systems there are many kind for devices connected in a panel. These devices are for control and protection of the electrical systems. If any of the fault is generated in the system the devices connected for corresponding protection will close its NO contact so that it can be used further for tripping the system and indication. The Annunciator will get the input from these devices and it will show the corresponding fault by lamp indication and by sending the message. A Hooter is also given to give indication by sound. This system can be used where electrical systems are unmanned or at unmanned stations.

In all keypad based access system or authentication system there are high chances of password being overseen by unknown person who are standing near you. Or low lying persons can intentionally note you finger movements on the keypad and try to guess the password. Especially in ATM counter whenever you want to withdraw money you have to enter pin and then get access to your account. But if someone sees how you are entering the password they can make out you pin then only thing is they have to get you ATM card for that they can do pick pocketing or they can assault you and snatch the ATM card now as already they have finger movements of yours in the mind they can enter you pin and withdraw the money. Not only in ATM, we are using keypads at many places and our own finger movements are putting our security at risk, for this problem we have come up with an innovative solution of shuffling keypad which will confuse the culprits and they would not be able to detect the password from our finger movements on the keypad.

Power is the soul of world which is related to the electricity and “electricity” is the word which now rules the world. So, proper utilization of this commodity is of immense important to us. Hence, it is necessary to measure power consumption. Normally, large scale industries consist of various departments like production, storage, package, Administration, transportation situated away from each other. For such industries, it is necessary to maintain Load When the grid is breakdown than the whole area which is depend on that grid remains electricity less it takes so much time to repair that so we had designed the system which will automatically shift the load of that grid to another. This project can be used for home to protect the device when the supply is damaged we can shift it to other supply this system can be useful in industries where the continues power supply is required we have tried to use the less component I this so that the project will be cost efficient. This project consists of mostly digital IC’s and a compact hardware circuitry, so this project is smaller in size and user friendly The switching work is totally automated so no labor is required to maintenance .

Abstract:- Power transformers are one of the most important components of electric networks. These devices are very expensive and therefore diagnosis and monitoring systems will be valuable for preventing damage to them. A facility for viewing the status of transformers remotely by experts who will make an appropriate decision in case of a problem is needed to prevent premature damage to the transformers. The transformers are geographically spread and with the aid of Internet, it is possible to collect appropriate information from these transformers to a central node for diagnostic purposes under the supervision of high voltage engineering experts. The aim of this paper is to show the main problems related to power transformers and to review mitigation methods for the monitoring and diagnosis of power transformers.

Abstract:- A real-time clock (RTC) is a computer clock (most often in the form of an integrated circuit) that keeps track of the current time. Although the term often refers to the devices in personal computers, servers and embedded systems, RTCs are present in almost any electronic device which needs to keep accurate time. A real time clock (RTC) is a timepiece module having an independent battery for operation and has a backup RAM always supplied with electric power from the battery. Many data processing circuits utilize real-time clocks to provide a real-time clock value indicating, for example, the current day, date and time.

Abstract The phrase “Intelligent street lighting” includes a total system with dimmable luminaires, advanced lighting control solutions, communication systems and administrative tools. The solution focuses on low energy consumption and high functional standard. It also, in most contexts, automatically declines the maintenance costs for the operator in combination with increased safety for the street user. In most cases Intelligent street lighting in its practical design is identical to “Adaptive lighting”. Anyway one should distinguish between the two descriptions, remembering that Adaptive lighting only describes the performance of the light on the road, while Intelligent streetlighting also includes the more operational elements, back office software solutions and both energy and labour cost saving potentials. Streets or roads equipped with such a solution will dynamically adapt the street lighting performance according to the actual needs for the given period/time of the road. Typically it will lead to lowered lumen output from the lamp during good conditions, when low traffic volumes or low average speed appears in combination with non-foggy weather. This will also be the case if the surface is covered with snow.

Every year ,we find more and more road accidents due to increased traffic on the roads, and if you see the statistics ,you will find that the causalities are more every year than that of 1970 Indo -Pak war. Experts says, increased motorist population, long working hours, stressful life, are the major cause. The factors are beyond one’s control , but if we could alert the driver on the highway,could save the many presicious lives.

Abstract:- Earlier days, people handle equipment careless way. So it may do very loss energy. so reduce this we develop this project. In this project we used microcontroller is the main controller of it. and which will control the loss of energy and saves money. Consider a office location in which temperature sensor is used for detecting Increase in normal temperature. When increase in the temperature then controller will start Fan to maintain the room temp. Normal. When LDR will sense the light it will make all lighting devices OFF and when it sense darkness it will auto start the all light devices ON. Due to this we save lot of energy and money.

Abstract:- The main objective of the project is to develop an energy meter to know the exact billing that each load is going to consumed with wireless technology. For this research work we had taken a energy meter and is connected to an Opto-coupler, which counts the led that glows (depending upon the requirement we can increase the led glowing on/off time pulses), so its gives an interrupt after every time set by us is given to a programmable micro controller of 8051 family, The microcontroller takes the reading from the energy meter via an Opto-isolator and displays the reading on the LCD duly interface to a microcontroller. The reading of the energy meter is also sent to the cell phone of the user by a message through GSM modem being fed from the microcontroller via level shifter IC and RS232 link. The power supply consists of a step down transformer 230/12V, which steps down the voltage to 12V AC. This is converted to DC using a Bridge rectifier and it is then regulated to +5V using a voltage regulator 7805 which is required for the operation of the microcontroller and other components.

Abstract:- In electrical systems there are many kind for devices connected in a panel. These devices are for control and protection of the electrical systems. If any of the fault is generated in the system the devices connected for corresponding protection will close its NO contact so that it can be used further for tripping the system and indication. The Annunciator will get the input from these devices and it will show the corresponding fault by lamp indication and by sending the message. A Hooter is also given to give indication by sound. This system can be used where electrical systems are unmanned or at unmanned stations

Abstract:- In this project we used microcontroller 89s52 through which we can operate the IR sensor and relays. IR sensors are used for sensing the incoming and outgoing of railway through tunnel. On the operation of IR the relays were ON/ OFF the FAN & LIGHT. The very important benefit of this project is it saves energy. Lighting level requirements often depend on external parameters such as railway traffic volume, ambient brightness and weather conditions. When there is very little traffic on the platform drivers do not require the light level they need when the railway traffic density is high. One can imagine that the weather situation influences the visibility as well and in return the light level needed. To avoid rapid changes around these switching criteria the system must smooth out these changes (hysteresis). Clear sky on a dry road. Regulation of the light level based on the desired situation can easily be realized with the sensor system.

Abstract:- The main aim of this project is to control the devices and to ask the basic needs like water, foodor medicine by using MEMS (Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems) Technology.MEMS is a Micro Electro Mechanical Sensor which is a highly sensitive sensor and capable of detecting the tilt.This sensor finds the tilt is to the right side then the device will be on for the first time then nexttime it will be off. In the same way, if the tilt is to the left side then another device is going to becontrolled.The tilt is in upwards or downward direction the related need will be announced. This device isvery helpful for paralysis and physically challenged persons.This device is portable and this system operation is entirely driven by wireless technology. User Can wear it to his head like a band and can operate it by tilting the MEMS sensor. This project makes use of a Relay for switching the devices and APR-9600 voice chip for audio announcements and Micro controller, which is programmed, with the help of embedded C instructions. The MEMS based sensor detects the tilt andprovides the information to the microcontroller. And the controller judges whether the instruction is right movement or left movement instruction and controls the operation respectively

ABSTRACT Present Traffic Light Controllers (TLC) are based on microcontroller and microprocessor. These TLC have limitations because it uses the pre-defined hardware, which is functioning according to the program that does not have the flexibility of modification on real time basis. Due to the fixed time intervals of green, orange and red signals the waiting time is more and car uses more fuel. To make traffic light controlling more efficient, we exploit the emergence of new technique called as “Intelligent traffic light controller”. This makes the use of Sensor Networks along with Embedded Technology. The timings of Red, Green lights at each crossing of road will be intelligently decided based on the total traffic on all adjacent roads. Thus, optimization of traffic light switching increases road capacity and traffic flow, and can prevent traffic congestions. GSM cell phone interface is also provided for users those who wish to obtain the latest position of traffic on congested roads. This is a unique feature of this project which is very useful to car drivers to take an alternate route in case of congestion. The various performance evaluation criteria are average waiting time, average distance traveled by vehicles, switching frequency of green light at a junction, efficient emergency mode operation and satisfactory operation of SMS using GSM Mobile. The performance of the Intelligent Traffic Light Controller is compared with the Fixed Mode Traffic Light Controller. It is observed that the proposed Intelligent Traffic Light Controller is more efficient than the conventional controller in respect of less waiting time, more distance traveled by average vehicles and efficient operation during emergency mode and GSM interface. Moreover, the designed system has simple architecture, fast response time, user friendliness and scope for further expansion

Abstract Remote control systems are a very useful element to control and monitor devices quickly and easily. This project proposes a new architecture for remote control of Android mobile devices, analyzing the different alternatives and seeking the optimal solution in each case. Although the area of remote control, in case of mobile devices, has been little explored, it may provide important advantages for testing software and hardware developments in several real devices. It can also allow an efficient management of various devices of different types, perform forensic security tasks, etc. . . The main idea behind the proposed architecture was the design of a system to be used as a platform which provides the services needed to perform remote control of electrical device. As a result of this research, a proof of concept was implemented. An Android application running a group of Devices programs on the device, connected to the Rf interface, depending on availability.

Abstract The micro controller based digital lock is an access control system that allows only Authorized persons to access any restricted division. The major components include a keypad, LCD, and the micro controller AT89xx which belongs to the 89xx series of micro controllers . The system is fully controlled by the 8 bit micro controller AT89C51 which has a 2Kbytes of ROM for the program memory. The electronic control assembly allows the system to unlock the device with a Password. A four digit predefined password needs to be specified the user. A 4x3 Matrix KEYPAD and a 16x2 LCD have been used here to set the password While unlocking, if the entered password from keypad matches with the stored password, then the lock opens and a message is displayed on LCD. Also an output pin is made high to be used for further purpose. As the program starts, string ‘Enter Password’ is Displayed on LCD. The keypad is scanned for pressed digits one by one. Every time, row and column of the key pressed is detected and the digit is displayed on LCD. If all the four digits match with set password, LCD displays ‘password is correct’ and the lock output pin goes high and the led glows. If the security code is wrong, ‘Wrong Password’ is sent to be displayed on LCD and the buzzer rings which is connected to the microcontroller. It has wide applications in the present world. It is mainly used for door alarms, equipment privacy locks, cell phones, computers and in many lock systems.

Abstract: An improved water distribution system of the type that includes a distribution conduit and an irrifluent pipe disposed on or below ground for dispersing water at a controlled rate. A first pump connected to the distribution conduit passes the water through the main delivery conduit and through apertures in the irrifluent pipe. Solid matter collects within the irrifluent pipes when the dispersion of the water through apertures in the irrifluent pipes is at low pressure. The improvement includes a return conduit that is disposed in fluid communicating relation to the irrifluent pipe, and a second pump, connected in fluid flow relation to the return conduit. The second pump is operated intermittently with the first pump to increase the flow rate sufficiently to flush the collected solid matter from the irrifluent pipes and through the return conduit.

Now days, many times out of three phase one of the phase cutout and the circuit breaker trips at that time the MSEB operator has to operate it manually by turning on the contacts of circuit breaker contact and if a MSEB operator sleeps at the time of duty at that time the hooter shouts and gives us alert.

Abstract:- The power factor correction of electrical loads is a common problem to almost all the industrial sector. Most of the loads draw a certain quantity of active power together with reactive power from the mains. The Active power (kW) actually performs the work whereas the reactive power (KVAr) could be interpreted as an undesirable burden on the supply. The increased flow of reactive power has following disadvantages: • Overloading of Power Source i.e. Transformer or Alternator • Higher voltage drops throughout the system. • Additional heating and loss of energy due to increased cable (I²R) losses. • Increase in the rating of Switchgears, Cables and other Protective devices. • Higher KVA demand, • Levy of penalty. It is therefore essential that all efforts should be made to reduce the flow of reactive power in order to optimise system performance and achieve cost savings.

Abstract The power factor correction of electrical loads is a common problem to almost all the industrial sector. Most of the loads draw a certain quantity of active power together with reactive power from the mains. The Active power (kW) actually performs the work whereas the reactive power (KVAr) could be interpreted as an undesirable burden on the supply. The increased flow of reactive power has following disadvantages: 1. Overloading of Power Source i.e. Transformer or Alternator 2. Higher voltage drops throughout the system. 3. Additional heating and loss of energy due to increased cable (I²R) losses. 4. Increase in the rating of Switchgears, Cables and other Protective devices. 5. Higher KVA demand, 6. Levy of penalty. It is therefore essential that all efforts should be made to reduce the flow of reactive power in order to optimise system performance and achieve cost savings.

Abstract Now when we travels from bus one problem is very common is balance amount because of bus ticket in floating rate. For Example is 2.40 RS 3.37 RS This problem is over come on e-ticket. Also recharge facilities available in the system. The system can be used in all places were frequent tickets have to be issued like bus, train etc. The project reduces the time for issuing the ticket. It also makes benefit to the counter incharge since he has to no more ask change of money for odd amount. The customer can recharge his account whenever required and the burden of standing in a line is also reduced.The micro-controller 89Cxx is the heart of the system. For the card we have used an eeprom for storing the data and the balance amount of the user. This card will be used by every customer and having a unique customer ID for the reference. The amount is deducted by the machine when it is connected and the location is selected. The controller asks to select the locations and the number of persons and it deducts the value for the same. The unit is having a buzzer for audio indication and led as visual indication

Abstract: Our project is based on “GSM technology” used for long distant communication. The design portion involves mainly a GSM modem and a control circuitry with microcontroller and Max232N etc… For doing this project we use some of the software like Embedded C for programming the application software to the micro controller. Protel schematic software is used for designing the circuit diagram for this project.  Express PCB software is used for designing the PCB for this project. (Since PCB making is a big process and involves lot of machineries, which are expensive, we are going to outsource this to the manufacturer.) In our design we are implementing a Motor Starter for irrigation in Agricultural Applications and security systems using GSM,GSM is one of the latest mobile technologies using smart MODEM which can easily interfaced to embedded micro controllers.

Abstract:- We are aware of the problems we are going to face in the future due to lack of resources which helps us in the production of energy .So, if we save energy which is available today we can reduce the problem to some extent. We don’t keep that interest on such problems but if we link energy with money we can limit or control unnecessary wastage of energy. Keeping this factor in mind this equipment has been designed. This can be used for payloads like lamps and air conditioners on a private electrical line; it is also useful for paying guest houses, hotels and trains. This project consists of the complete details of construction, working and areas of application of this equipment

A conveyor system is a common piece of mechanical handling equipment that moves materials from one location to another. Conveyors are especially useful in applications involving the transportation of heavy or bulky materials. Conveyor systems allow quick and efficient transportation for a wide variety of materials, which make them very popular in the material handling and packaging industries. Many kinds of conveying systems are available, and are used according to the various needs of different industries. There are chain conveyors (floor and overhead) as well. Chain conveyors consist of enclosed tracks, I-Beam, towline, power & free, and hand pushed trolleys.

Abstract In vehicle security system, the objective is to prevent the theft of vehicle and ensure safe driving. One level of ensuring authentication of driving is through finger print recognition system that authenticates a user being an authorized person to have access to the ignition system. In this work we propose a multi-level authentication for vehicles. In this system, the finger print image of the eligible driver will be programmed into a smart card and this card along with real time finger print scanner is employed to authenticate the driver. If there is no match between the image stored in smart card and the real time image acquired by finger print scanner vehicles ignition system will stay in OFF state. While issuing the license, the specific person’s fingerprint is to be stored in the card. Automobiles are equipped with a card reader capable of reading the particular license. The same vehicle should have the facility of bio metric reader device.

Ideal gas sensor is used to detect the presence of a dangerous LPG leak in your car or in a service station, storage tank environment. This unit can be easily incorporated into an alarm unit, to sound an alarm or give a visual indication of the LPG concentration. The sensor has excellent sensitivity combined with a quick response time. The sensor can also sense is-butane, propane, LNG and cigarette smoke. If the LPG sensor senses any gas leakage from storage the output of this sensor goes low. This low signal is monitored by the microcontroller and it will identify the gas leakage. Now the microcontroller is turn on Buzzer. After few milliseconds delay, it also turn on exhaust fan for throwing gas out and continue send messages as ‘GAS LEAKAGE’ to a mobile no, written in c-code.

Abstarct The micro-controller 89C52 is the heart of the system. For controlling the panel we are using the time & panel angle control method for time.. The micro-controller gives the pulses to the stepper motor by taking the input from the RTC. The controller also checks the level i/p coming from the RTC .

 Inverters and routers are commonly found in most households applications in today’s life. However this work we discuss the implementation of a IOT enabled smart inverter i.e. a solar charged inverter that uses Wi-Fi technology to engage a two way communication with the user, and informing the user of both, the battery voltage of the inverter as well as utilization time of the loads which the user chooses to run. Moreover, the wireless control of loads is implemented to ease efficient utilization of energy also increase human comfort. This work uses the ARDUINO UNO microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P along with Node MCU which runs on theESP8266 Wi-Fi module to implement the aforementioned objectives.(INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PAPER AVAILABLE)

              LATEST TOPICS 2020

Solar energy is a renewable form of energy and is a very efficient method of saving electricity.it does the same functioning as the electricity but the difference is that the major source is solar energy in which electricity is kept aside. Since electricity should be preserved this project is the best way to let the world know the new and the better way to save electricity along with the continuation of all the project and working of appliances with the help of the renewable source that is the solar energy. The project is an outcome of a specially designed and fabricated hybrid solar inverter. The inverter will charge the batteries with the solar and conventional power source according to the availability. Although the paper mainly will concentrate on charging through Solar PV. The inverter is designed accordingly to the specifications of the Solar PV panel used in the hardware. During the design of the inverter many existing systems were studied. Technical assistance was taken from various industrial experts working in the field of inverter design and fabrication. The two main components of the designed hardware is the hybrid inverter and another one is the PV panel placed outdoor.

This project explains control of three floor elevator using PLC. With the rising life standards and attention to human and with tremendous development in architectural engineering for multi storage building, the installation of elevators becomes an integral part of the infrastructure for the vertical movement. So, the control system is essential for smooth and safe operation of the elevator. Hence for more efficient performance and maintenance, more importance is given to the design of an elevator control system. In this case one can make the better use of PLC for controlling of elevator which is beneficial due to its flexibility, operational speed, reliability, ease of programming, security, and it is easy in implementing changes and correcting errors. Since output results must be produced in response to input condition within a given period of time, it is an example of a real time system. Ladder diagram programming is selected as it is easy to program the PLC.

The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard 80C51 instruction set and pinout. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications. The AT89S52 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset.

The project is to determine the location of fault in underground cable lines[1] from the source station to exact location of fault in any units, here in kilometres. Whenever a fault occurs in the underground cable line for some reason, the repairing process relating to that faulted cable becomes difficult owing to lack of proper system for tracking the exact fault location and the type of fault occurred in the cable. For this, a system has to be developed to find the exact location of the fault in the distribution line system for all the three phases R, Y & B for different type of situations of faults. Here in this paper single line to ground, double line to ground & three phase faults have been considered.Therefore, the basic concept of Ohm’s law[2]is found suitable in principle to develop a fault location tracking system. Based on the Ohm’s Law, it is found that the resistance of the cable is proportional to its length under constant conditions of temperature and the cross section area and therefore if a low DC voltage is applied at the feeder end through a series of resistor in cable lines, the current would vary depending upon the location of fault in the cable. Here a system is developed which consists of a microcontroller, LCD display, Fault Sensing Circuit Module, IoT Wi-Fi Module and proper power supply arrangement with regulated power output.Hence, if there is a short circuit in the form of line to 

The project is to determine the location of fault in underground cable lines[1] from the source station to exact location of fault in any units, here in kilometres. Whenever a fault occurs in the underground cable line for some reason, the repairing process relating to that faulted cable becomes difficult owing to lack of proper system for tracking the exact fault location and the type of fault occurred in the cable. For this, a system has to be developed to find the exact location of the fault in the distribution line system for all the three phases R, Y & B for different type of situations of faults. Here in this paper single line to ground, double line to ground & three phase faults have been considered.Therefore, the basic concept of Ohm’s law[2]is found suitable in principle to develop a fault location tracking system. Based on the Ohm’s Law, it is found that the resistance of the cable is proportional to its length under constant conditions of temperature and the cross section area and therefore if a low DC voltage is applied at the feeder end through a series of resistor in cable lines, the current would vary depending upon the location of fault in the cable. Here a system is developed which consists of a microcontroller, LCD display, Fault Sensing Circuit Module, IoT Wi-Fi Module and proper power supply arrangement with regulated power output.Hence, if there is a short circuit in the form of line to