Civil Engineering

Abstract:- The Three Gorges Dam (TGD) and associated infrastructure is the largest integrated water project built in the history of the world. It has also been one of the most controversial due to its massive environmental, economic, and social impacts. The very first volume of The World’s Water, published more than a decade ago, reviewed the plans underway at that time to build the Three Gorges Dam, along with many of the expected benefits and costs (Gleick 1998). 

Abstract:- The system will use the following things function in the apartment the system the system will use solar panel for the water heating then system will use the solar panel for energy generation the system will also collect the rain water and will filter and reuse it the system will also monitor the present light state and will turn on and of the light. the system will give the option to collect the garbage separate such as dry garbage and wet garbage 

Building the case for flood defences Extreme global flooding events are occurring with increasing frequency, affecting both the developed and the developing world with catastrophic results. A confluence of contributory factors, including but not limited to climate change, increasing global population and settlement in vulnerable areas, urbanisation and deforestation, is having a profound effect on communities worldwide. Climate change in particular has resulted in an increased severity and intensity of rainfall. 

A swing span bridge rotates in a horizontal plane around a vertical axis to a position parallel with the marine channel. When in operation, the movable span is supported in one of two methods; centre bearing on a vertical pin or pivot, or rim bearing on a circular girder called a drum, which in turning moves on rollers. The rim bearing design was used for wider and heavier movable spans. All Delaware examples are the lighter and more easily designed, operated, and maintained center bearing design.

Abstract This article describes a transformation occurring within the architectural /engineering spheres of the building construction industry that allowed this small, but technically challenging project to achieve success on a minimal budget. With the advent of building information modeling (BIM) and increasing demand by clients for high performance structures, a bridge is being forged between the realms of energy modeling and architectural building Modeling. 

The system will use the following things function in the apartment the system the system will use solar panel for the water heating then system will use the solar panel for energy generation the system will also collect the rain water and will filter and reuse it the system will also monitor the present light state and will turn on and of the light. the system will give the option to collect the garbage separate such as dry garbage and wet garbage 

Building information modeling (BIM) provides architectural 3D visualizationand a standardized way to share and exchange building information. Recently, there has beenan increasing interest in using BIM, not only for design and construction, but also thepost-construction management of the built facility. With the emergence of smart builtenvironment (SBE) technology, which embeds most spaces with smart objects to enhancethe building’s efficiency, security and comfort of its occupants, there is a need to understandand address the challenges BIM faces in the design, construction and management of future smart buildings. 

As the growth of city is growing so rapidly, village area is reducing day by day. As it is rapidly developing the construction in the city is very costly. Economic point of view if the building is constructed at a far distance from the city it will be cheaper and residents can live peaceful without any external polluted sources. Having peaceful surroundings is the main point of view of most of the people in today’s lifestyle.

Everyone is talking about biogas - politicians and ecologists, technicians and economists, laymenand experts. Biogas has become fashionable. The energy crisis of the next few years is the shortage of fuel for the daily needs of millions ofpeople. Simple biogas plants are intended to help solve this problem. It is time to set about this taskin a "professional" manner in the best sense of this word.Simple biogas plants are complicated enough to require total involvement with their specifictechnology. After all, a biogas plant can only help to solve the problems of the future if it works! Butmany plants work badly. They are operated wrongly, are deficient in detail and are often incorrectlyscaled.

Here we have designing the building which will be smart Vegetated Roof Systems (aka: green roofs) are used extensively in Europe to manage storm water, reduce energy consumption, and for aesthetic appeal. Theyare gaining popularity in the United States especially in larger cities that arerequired to meet stringent requirements to manage storm water. Green roofs canbe installed on new construction or retrofits to existing buildings as long as thefacility has the necessary structural integrity (check with a structural engineer).

The lack of capacity at airports is the major constraint to growth in air transport. Current technology projects optimize the use of the available airport capacity, but unless a structural new approach is followed, the expected three-fold increase in air traffic is not realistic to achieve. Physical constraints on runway operations, like wake vortex separation minima and cross- and tailwind limits, make it hard to improve performance of conventional airport configurations further.The Endless Runway is a radical and novel airport concept, which applies a circular runway. The concept of the Endless Runway can generate a breakthrough in sustainable airport capacity by avoiding the physical constraints of conventional runways through shifting the lift-off and touchdown points of individual aircraft.

In recent years, various rotating buildings such as residential buildings,restaurants and pubs have been designed and constructed. Most of these rotating buildings do not possess passive solar design features or they cannot respond passivesolar design principles entirely because the primary design purpose of these rotatingbuildings is to make all spaces view the landscape as required.Passive solar design is the optimum utilization of architectural peculiarities of abuilding and appropriate material selection for improving energy efficiency of abuilding in heating, cooling and natural lighting. While projecting a passive solarbuilding, different factors including building orientation, latitude of the location andclimatic properties must be taken into consideration.Although passive solar buildings are superior to conventional buildings in termsof various aspects, they have some deficiencies as well.

Every water reservoir must be ready to the control of catastrophic flood. The most dangerous situations can be on the catchments where torrential rains can have significant duration and intensity. Lead time of runoff forecast for dangerous flood depended on increase of rainfall intensity and time concentration maximum water discharge on the catchment. Some water reservoirs have enough significant catchments and sometimes the time concentration is more 5 days. Then we are obtaining possibility to use data of meteorological stations how predictors of floods. For example, catchment of Krasnodar water reservoir has large catchment and is located on the North Caucasus territory. Its climate is characterized by not-periodical storm rainfalls (sometimes after long drought). Consequently the main aim of the research was development of rules for water reservoir operation during floods in dependent on data of meteorological stations about precipitation.

The proposed system uses the train time for opening and closing of bridges. It also confirms the presence of the train using a sensor which is placed at a certain distance away from the platform. The RUNE technical solution is based on GNSS receivers: navigation data will come from GPS with differential EGNOS corrections (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) to enable autonomous and reliable determination of train position, velocity under practically all environmental conditions. While persons try to cross platform by avoiding the over bridge there is chance for the accidents. This can be avoided by using this technique and very helpful for disabled person.

In the last 40 years a number of serious fire accidents have occurred in metro systemsaround the world. A total of 289 people were killed and 265 severely injured in an accidentalfire in the subway of Baku, the capitol of Azerbaijan, 28th of October 1995 (Rohlén andWahlström, 1996). Similarly, some 198 people were killed and 146 injured in the Daegu subwayarson attack of February 18, 2003 (Burns and Gillard, 2003). Two of these fires havecaught the focus of this project, namely the effects of the luggage on the fire development.The fires in the Bakus metro in 1995, and the Kaprun mountain railway tunnel in 2000, showthat abandoned clothing and baggage can play an important part in the progress of the fire.Risks for terror attacks have been existing for a long time. Moreover, and particularly sincethe 1990s, experiences from among others, the IRA Underground attacks in London.

The process of water purification is vital in many manufacturing and process industries. Besides this, numerous household water purifiers are now easily commercially available. The industrial water purification is different from the household water purification from the fact that, at industrial level water is not only purified but also it is implemented for further application or as a final product in which the purified water is filled into bottles.

 It has been noted that the underwater buildings exist since year 1960 but noone was aware of it. The underwater construction of the buildings can be advantageousto the people and the environment if proper techniques are used and if people get successin achieving such structures. If such technology is adapted everything can be builtunderwater such as buildings, houses, shopping complex, museums, entertainment hub,restaurants, hotels, sports stadiums etc. This can lead to a progressive and a luxurious lifeto the people and they can even enjoy their holidays at such places. Encouragement ofunderwater building is provided by the glamorous view beneath the water of fishes, seabeds, different creatures and coral reefs. This paper discuss about the materials whichshould be used for the construction of underwater buildings, ways of building and specialrequirements, the possibility of such constructions, advantages and disadvantages ofunderwater buildings, the impact of such buildings on environment, effect on the social life and transportation.

                LATEST PROJECTS 2020

“Speed Kills” but still people don’t care enough to act safe while driving on road. Road traffic accidents and deaths caused by them are most critical issues now a days. It is also impacting the country’s economy. Research includes, important issues like road accident and their impacts, causes of this accident, effect of accident, prevention and control that we can improve this situation. Also it is not safe now a days to cross the ghat while having any long journey. Percentage of accident in ghat area is increasing day by day. Severity of this accidents are non-reparable. Road traffic accidents (RTA) are responsible for 1.2 million deaths worldwide each year. So it is first important to control this scenario and have some safety measures in ghat area. This paper includes some solutions and ideas to improve safety in ghat areas. Using IR Sensor for avoiding accident, solar petrol pump , Solar Panel, Parking, Windmill For generation of electricity.

Poor subsurface drainage is one of the factors that causes pavement distress and reduces pavement service life. The evaluation of roadway subsurface drainage system required good knowledge in groundwater flow especially the unsaturated water flow through pavement layers and related properties that affect the ability of drainage system to remove moisture held in base, sub base and sub grade layers, so that the kerbs are provided in the road pavement. Kerb is a line of stone or concrete forming an edge between a pavement and a roadway, so that the pavement is some 15 cm above the level of the road. For most purposes, the top of the kerb should be 100 mm above the road surface. If kerbs are placed too high it can induce ‘kerb shyness’ which is where the width of the carriageway is effectively reduced. Over the past few years the use of Combined Kerb Drainage has grown rapidly, with engineers appreciating the advantages offered over the traditional gully and pipe drainage systems, for car parks and carriageways. Envirokerb is a revolutionary combined kerb drainage system. Envirokerb is made from recycled plastic composite material. The system has excellent surface drainage efficiency which coupled with its large flow capacity, makes it superior to and much less expensive than conventional kerb and point drainage on many highway and non-highway schemes. Envirokerb is made entirely from recycled materials. It is widely acknowledged that the construction industry has a major impact on the earth’s already dwindling resource. Existing combined kerb drainage systems manufactured in traditional materials rely heavily on natural resources. There are additional logistical concerns on the transportation of these materials through the smaller countryside communities in the UK.

Vehicular traffic is endlessly increasing everywhere in the world and can cause terrible traffic congestion at intersections. Therefore, emergency vehicles such as ambulances, police cars, fire engines, etc. stuck in a traffic jam and delayed in reaching their destination can lead to loss of property and valuable lives. -In emergency system, the transfer of patients to the hospital should be in fast and save manner to increase the rescue and survival rates. Thus, the ambulances take the short and safe way to the emergency department at a hospital. To satisfy this, this paper tackles the problem of road jamming by controlling the underlying traffic lights and selecting the optimal path depending on crowed. When we push the plunger on a syringe, water is forced into a second syringe, extending its plunger and lifting a mechanical arm. The process illustrates aspects of fluid pressure, force, mechanical work, and biomechanics.

Intelligent Buildings have been researched and developed over the last three decades, but in more recent literature, roadmaps and industrial reports the term smart has started to be quoted more regularly. This seems to be the case in all aspects of the built environment sector; smart sensors, smart materials and smart meters within buildings are seen to be the latest, most advanced technologies in our efforts to develop high performing buildings. Smart cities are commonly seen to be the future of the urban built environment, with increasingly populated conurbations, demanding more functionality from more constrained resources and more stringent building regulations. However, when put into the context of buildings themselves, there is a clear confusion as to the differentiation between smart and Intelligent Buildings. There is sparse academic literature currently recognizing a distinction between the two – even though buildings are increasingly being referred to as smart. This lack of clarity in terminology does not help designers, clients or researchers. By focusing on the key drivers behind building development past and the present, this system aims to assess the meaning of Intelligent Buildings and bring together a definition for a Smart Building that represents a more advanced grouping, learning from and building upon the successes and limitations of previous terminology and meeting the criteria upon which a high-performing building is assessed. The upper and lower bounds of a Smart Building will be defined, creating a base upon which future research can be established. In smart building there are the presence of renewable sources i.e. solar and windmills. The Solar and wind energy is more effective and conventional form of renewable energy available at most it does not depends on any factor, solar energy begins when the day begin. And wind is available with a top and front motion of the vehicle at streets. Many researches are ongoing to overcome power crisis. The demand in country is hiking each and every day. But, the available power does not meet the requirement. Renewable energy resources must be utilized as much as possible to cut down the demand rate and it’s non-polluting. At present, the issue is how to utilize and manage these resources. This project is proposed to overcome and enhance the power management as said, at highways, by acquiring the available energy sources at highways. The proposed system has some advantages such as the energy generated can be utilized not only by building but also in the street light.

This project presents the development of an inductive loop traffic sensor device that can detect the vehicles under heterogeneous and lane less traffic conditions. The existing available loop systems are only suitable for lane based and homogeneous traffic conditions. The developed multiple loop system has a new loop structure that can detect large vehicles like bus, truck etc., as well as small vehicles like bicycle, motorcycle etc., occupying any available space in the road. The proposed system detects, segregates the vehicle type and also counts the number of vehicle even in mixed traffic flow condition.U-Loop is a new innovative form of taking U-turn and crossing system of vehicles. If this method is applied, there will remain no need of traditional signal system on roads to control vehicles. All the circles for road crossing will be closed. Vehicles will turn their directions from before or after the previous crossing point. We observ and experience that one of the major reasons of traffic jam in city is the traditionally prevailing signal crossing system. If there is a circle where four directions of roads are connected there it takes 4times more to cross that circle and even then create far worse situation.